Injury due to the interaction between blast-waves and air-tissue interfaces. The initial blast wave, and superheating of the air surrounding the centre of the explosion, is followed by a short-lived 'blast wind', the speed of which can be sufficient to propel people and objects away from the explosion.įollow this link to see an animated reconstruction of a bomb blast in an enclosed space.īlast events are complex, and casualties can be affected by many forms of injury blast-related injuries can be categorised as follows. Whilst damage caused by blast waves decreases exponentially with distance from the source of the explosion, they are reflected by solid surfaces, and can be amplified within closed spaces it is difficult to predict precisely the effects of an explosion in such a setting. Containing/ confining a propellant modifies its explosive behaviour. Energy is released relatively slowly when compared with high-order explosives, and the resulting explosion lacks the type of over-pressurisation blast wave associated with detonation of high-order explosives. Low-order explosives - typically used as propellants (or fuels), and which combust through a process known as deflagration - the blast wave is subsonic. The explosive strength is determined by the amplitude of the over-pressurisation formed by the explosion. High order explosives - including nitroglycerine, plastic explosives and other military munitions - undergo detonation which is accompanied by a blast wave that is also a 'shock wave' travelling at supersonic speed. The physics of blast waves is non-linear and complex. In all explosions there is a rapid conversion of the explosive material into a large volume of hot, high pressure gas, the sudden release of which results in a s0-called blast wave which radiates from the source in all directions. The lungs, gastrointestinal tract, part of the face covered.
(See also Barotrauma Barotrauma Barotrauma is tissue injury caused by a change in pressure, which compresses or expands gas contained in various body structures. read more -air must move through the eustachian tube to equalize the pressure in the middle ear.
When outside air pressure changes suddenly-for example, during the ascent or descent of an airplane or a deep-sea dive Ear barotrauma (ear squeeze) Barotrauma is tissue injury caused by a change in pressure, which compresses or expands gas contained in various body structures.
Normally, the eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear and the back of the nose, helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of the eardrum by allowing outside air to enter the middle ear. If air pressure in the ear canal from outside air and air pressure in the middle ear change rapidly or are unequal, the eardrum can be damaged. The eardrum separates the ear canal and the middle ear.
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